This process is used in basic research and to help diagnose diseases, such as specific types of leukemia and lymphoma. Metzgeroth and coworkers recently published an evaluation of the utility of fine needle aspiration and core biopsy for the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy of unknown etiology, including an evaluation of the utility of immunophenotyping these two specimen types by both immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Pdf immunophenotyping of chronic lymphoid leukemias. In a retrospective analysis the authors studied the relation between the immunologic phenotype of bcell nonhodgkins lymphoma nhl and diseasefree survival. This can be done on tissue section fresh or fixed tissue, cell suspension, etc. Nicholson in the last twenty years there has been an explosion of immunophenotyping applications using flow cytometry in the clinical laboratory. In this study, we described the very characteristic immunophenotypic.
Immunophenotyping can be difficult by flow cytometry, however, when only a small number of cells are available. Immunophenotyping lymphocyte subsets flow contract site. Applications of this technology are used both in basic research and clinical laboratories. Immunophenotyping is an essential part of the modern diagnostic workup of acute leukemias and thus for an appropriate treatment of these complex and heterogeneous diseases. Euroflow is an independent scientific consortium that aims at innovation and standardization of flow cytometric immunophenotyping to further improve and. A technique called immunophenotyping is used to distinguish hl from other types of lymphoma or other cancerous or noncancerous conditions. Sample cases click here for instructions on how to download the free fcs express reader to view and manipulate the sample cases. Sep 21, 2000 more extensive immunophenotyping can provide information about the cells stage of differentiation, assess the expression of prognostically important features, and determine clonality. The 1983 article entitled chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other chronic lymphoid proliferations. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping evaluates individual cells in suspension for the presence and absence of specific antigens phenotype. Oct 26, 2012 conventional flow cytometry for t cell processes can also be useful in suggesting a diagnosis of chl 4, 5. Jan 01, 2011 positive flow cytometric immunophenotyping fci, bcell lymphoma specimen 40a. Immunophenotyping using flow cytometry has become the method of choice in identifying and sorting cells within complex populations, for example the analysis of immune cells in a blood sample. Immunophenotyping of paucicellular samples may represent a diagnostic challenge in the flow cytometry fc laboratory routine, as the scarcity of cells limits the number of tests that can be performed.
Traditionally, 23 of dogs with lymphoma are classified as b cell and are t cell. Jude childrens research hospital, 332 north lauderdale, 38105, memphis, tn, usa. However, due to lack of welldefined immunophenotypic features, fci based diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma waldenstromsmacroglobulinemia lplwm is challenging. Immunophenotyping, a common application in flow cytometry, allows multiple cell surface markers to be simultaneously characterized on a percell basis. This process is used to diagnose specific types of leukaemia and lymphoma by comparing the cancer cells to normal cells of the immune system. The role of immunophenotyping in differential diagnosis of. The identification of leukemiaassociated immunophenotypes can be used for monitoring minimal residual disease during therapy. In these cases, lsc analysis is a methodology of choice because of its low sample requirements. The acs laboratory assessment of leukaemia lymphoma immunophenotyping is an acs document to be read in conjunction with acs documents guidelines for clinical flow cytometry laboratory practice and guidelines for leukaemia lymphoma immunophenotyping. In veterinary medicine, currently canine lymphoma is broken down into two main immunophenotypes, b and t cell. Drexler, in the leukemialymphoma cell line factsbook, 2001.
As a consequence, experimental protocols are often a combination of surface and intracellular staining. Jan 21, 2011 the european leukemianet eln, workpackage 10 wp10 was designed to deal with diagnosis matters using morphology and immunophenotyping. Immunophenotyping of nonhodgkins lymphomas in sudan. Flow cytometry is very valuable for the diagnosis and classification of several kinds of hematolymphoid neoplasms but has not been widely used for diagnosing enktl. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of hematological malignancies. Immunophenotyping of classical hodgkins lymphoma by flow. With regard to the evaluation of hodgkins lymphoma by these methods, the.
The molecules are identifiable because, in almost all analyzable cases, they are expressed on the outer cell surface membrane. N is an aggressive lymphoma typically diagnosed by examining small biopsy specimens. Immunophenotyping by species free guide immunophenotyping by flow cytometry provides a powerful tool for profiling immune cell subsets across species. Immunophenotyping of paucicellular samples stacchini 2014. Pdf flow cytometric immunophenotyping of hematological. Immunophenotyping figure 32 can be simply identifying a cell by a single marker or more complex identification of cells, using homing profile, activation states and cytokine release all in one panel. Euroflow is an independent scientific consortium that aims at innovation and standardization of flow cytometric immunophenotyping to further improve and progress diagnostic patient care. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping analysis of patterns of. With the exception of rare cases with dramatically increased malignant populations, isolation of pure viable tumor cells has. The role of immunophenotyping in differential diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Immunophenotyping is a test used to identify cells on the basis of the types of markers or antigens present on the cells surface, nucleus, or. To address this issue, we performed immunophenotyping of pdl1positive cells in hodgkin lymphoma and in angioimmunoblastic t cell. To evaluate the role of flow cytometric immunophenotyping fci in diagnosis and characterization of lymphoma tissue specimens from egyptian patients. Immunophenotyping is a technique to analyze the immune cell subsets by detecting proteins expressed on the surface or within the cell intracellular using antigen specific antibodies. Jun 24, 2019 applications of flow cytometric immunophenotyping in the diagnosis and posttreatment monitoring of b and t lymphoblastic leukemialymphoma. Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia and lymphoproliferative. Immunophenotyping of paucicellular samples stacchini. Flow cytometry can diagnose classical hodgkin lymphoma in. Immunophenotyping is a technique used to study the protein expressed by cells. Diagnostic hematopathology has become an increasingly complex subspecialty, particularly with neoplastic disorders of blood and bone marrow.
A minor percentage immunophenotyping of lymphoma patients can be achieved through a variety of tests including. Recognition ofthe various disease entities is essential because ofmajorimplications forprognosis andpatientmanagement. A reactive expansion of cd4positive t cells with increased expression of cd45 and cd7 is a characteristic of chl, and this population is only occasionally identified in nonhodgkins lymphomas and reactive lymphadenopathies unpublished data. To complicate things further, many of these markers. The hematopathologist looks for the presence of certain antigens or markers on the surface of the cells in order to identify hodgkin and rs cells and confirm a diagnosis of hl. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry lab tests online. Applications of flow cytometric immunophenotyping in the. Csf, or ocular fluid of sent for fc investigations in the case of suspicion of lymphoma, or for. Aug 23, 2018 download pdf copy by susha cheriyedath, m. This book offers complete coverage of this topic, including all basic and clinical aspects. Diffuse large bcell lymphoma dlbcl the single largest category of lymphoma, is a heterogeneous group of malignant lymphomas with several morphologic features. Pdf flow cytometric immunophenotyping of nonhodgkins. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping for hematologic neoplasms.
Definition of immunophenotyping nci dictionary of cancer. Immunophenotyping leukemias and lymphomas click here to start. Flow cytometric detection of the classical hodgkin lymphoma. Immunophenotyping an overview sciencedirect topics. Immunophenotyping offers essential information for clinicians and laboratorians about the uses of flow cytometers, identifying abnormalities in a variety of disorders, tools of immunophenotyping, assessing platelets in disease states, and much more medical books hematopathology. Cerebrospinal fluid csf was evaluated from a patient with a 1month history of persistent diplopia and progressive lower extremity weakness 5 years following pulmonary transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The percentage of monoclonal b cells detected in this study by immunophenotyping of the pb ranged from 0. This group aimed at establishing a consensus on the. Fci using 2 and 3 color staining approaches, was performed on 50 fresh lymph nodes specimen from cairo nci patients with suspected lymphoma presenting with either localized or generalized lymphadenopathy. Nowadays, lymphoma immunophenotyping is a necessary complement to morphology and molecular parameters in the diagnosis and monitoring of human hematopoietic malignancies. A process used to identify cells, based on the types of antigens or markers on the surface of the cell.
Immunophenotyping by lsc, originally developed by richard clatch clatch, 2001, is based on a custommade carrier, the clatch slide fig. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. An example is the detection of tumor marker, such as in the diagnosis of leukemia. In order to classify the cell types of interest, detecting multiple antigens on the cells is often necessary. Immunophenotyping is the use of antibodies against cell surface receptors to differentiate between normal and abnormal tissues for a variety of human diseases, including lymphoma, leukemia, and aids.
The cell lineagespecific or associated immunodata are presented under the headings tnk cell marker, bcell marker, myelomonocytic marker and erythroid. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of cerebrospinal fluid. The relatively recent evaluation of nodal and extranodal sites for malignant lymphoma by combining fineneedle aspiration fna and flow cytometric immunophenotyping fci techniques has resulted. Utility of flow cytometry for immunophenotyping doublehit. Table 4 indicates that follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, and even small lymphocytic lymphoma do not always demonstrate a monoclonal bcell population in the pb. The most common affected sites were small bowel, stomach, and tonsil 72 33%, 63 29%, and 19 8. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping in lymphoplasmacytic.
Lineage definition is the first goal leading to proper initial therapy. Hodgkin lymphoma, this technique has not yet been adopted by other laboratories. Classical hodgkin lymphoma chl is a unique type of bcell lymphoma in which the neoplastic hodgkin and reedsternberg hrs cells are infrequent 2,4 usually immunophenotyping edited by carleton c. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping fci is a powerful tool used in the diagnosis, classification and monitoring of hematolymphoid neoplasms. This technique is commonly used in basic science research and laboratory diagnostic purpose. These tests may suggest lymphoma or leukemia, but more information is generally needed to confirm a diagnosis and to identify a specific type of leukemia or lymphoma. Immunophenotyping offers essential information for clinicians and laboratorians about the uses of flow cytometers, identifying abnormalities in a variety of disorders, tools of. Oct 25, 2018 please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. Methods immunophenotyping by flow cytometry was performed on peripheral blood specimens at. Applications of flow cytometric immunophenotyping in the diagnosis and posttreatment monitoring of b and t lymphoblastic leukemialymphoma. Immunophenotyping of acute leukemias from biology to.
Significant information can be gained in many studies by identifying lymphocyte subsets and profiling how these change in your system. The diagnosis of chl currently relies on a combination of morphologic findings and immunohistochemical stains. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Immunophenotyping is the most useful analysis for assigning a given cell line to one of the major hematopoietic cell lineages. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping may be performed on blood, bone marrow, or other samples to provide this additional information. Programmed death1 pd1 and its ligand pdl1 are now used as predictive biomarkers to guide clinical decisions. These documents outline guidelines for good medical pathology. Morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics, and molecular approaches.
While morphologic assessment of blood smears, bone marrow smears, and tissue sections remains the cornerstone of lymphoma and leukemia diagnosis and classification, immunophenotyping is a very valuable and important complementary tool. Classical hodgkin lymphoma chl is a relatively uncommon b cellderived neoplasm that presents with rare malignant cells in an abundant reactive background. Precise characterization of pdl1positive cells may contribute to our knowledge of which patients derive benefit from the pdl1 blockade therapy. The diagnosis of the lymphoproliferative disorders requires use of multiple technolo. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. It involves the labelling of white blood cells with. However, due to lack of welldefined immunophenotypic features, fci based diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphomawaldenstromsmacroglobulinemia lplwm is challenging. Immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood and bone. The european leukemianet eln, workpackage 10 wp10 was designed to deal with diagnosis matters using morphology and immunophenotyping. In the assessment for hematologic malignancies, several steps are taken in the application and interpretation of this immunophenotypic information.
865 115 736 1594 824 366 946 1621 764 340 1204 492 1040 876 533 326 508 875 1462 446 1415 1150 76 62 690 640 1460 993 1299 218 1039 103 1342